You can inherit a TP53 mutation from your parents or develop one later in life. An inherited TP53 mutation may lead to Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). Scientists have identified at least 140 different mutations in the TP53 gene in people with LFS. (1)
Breast cancerBone cancerLeukemiaSoft tissue cancersColorectal cancerLung cancerCancer of the adrenal gland
TP53 mutations that are acquired later in life are much more common. These are also known as “somatic” mutations and are found in about half of all cancer cases. (2) But when a mutation happens, the gene can’t control the growth of cells, which can lead to cancer. (2,3) This isn’t a routine test and is usually given only to certain individuals who have a family history or are at high risk of having a mutation. (2) Your doctor might recommend a TP53 genetic test if:
You have one or more family members with LFS.You have one or more family members who’ve had cancer before age 45.You have been diagnosed with certain cancers or tumors before age 46. (2)
Having LFS doesn’t mean you have cancer, but it does mean you have a higher risk. Your healthcare provider might suggest that you have more frequent cancer screenings than someone who doesn’t have this gene mutation. For example, the American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends colonoscopies beginning at age 25 or younger to be performed every two to five years for people with LFS. (7) Additionally, your doctor might decide to remove any “at-risk” tissue or recommend chemoprevention, which means you take certain medicines or vitamins to reduce your chances of developing cancer. You may also want to incorporate certain lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising daily, into your routine. (2)
