An arrhythmia is an abnormality in the normal sequence of electrical impulses in the heart. This can cause the heart to beat improperly and may hinder its ability to pump blood effectively. During surgery to correct an electrical path that was causing Vollmer’s abnormal heartbeat, her doctors thought they discovered something much more serious: long QT syndrome. Long QT syndrome is a heart condition that is usually caused by a genetic abnormality in a ion channel in the heart. Long QT syndrome can increase the risk of sudden, rapid heartbeats in response to exercise or stress. And having long QT as a competitive swimmer could have put Vollmer at risk for fainting, seizures, or sudden death. “If I had long QT, I wouldn’t be able to swim,” Vollmer says regarding her heart condition. “Any adrenaline could put it [the heart] into a fatal rhythm.” Though Vollmer’s QT interval was longer than normal, it occurred at random times instead of when she was exercising. Her cardiologists were hesitant to issue an official diagnosis of long QT; however, they emphasized the potential dangers of having an arrhythmia as a competitive swimmer. But Vollmer wasn’t ready to give it up. Her doctors agreed to allow her to continue swimming as long as she had an automated external defibrillator present at every practice and swim meet. Vollmer trained hard to achieve her dreams without compromising her health. Though the defibrillator was always there, the thought of it slowly left her mind since she never had to use it. She has gone on to win 4 National Collegiate Athletic Association championships at the University of California in Berkeley, 7 Olympic medals, and 35 international levels in swimming. Today, Vollmer is on a mission to help women learn about their heart health and live their healthiest lives. As an ambassador for the American Heart Association (AHA) and advocate for CVS Health, Vollmer hopes to spread awareness about heart disease and empower women to take charge of their health. “Women need to know that heart disease matters,” Vollmer says. “It takes a tragedy for us to make changes to our health, but taking preventive measures can avoid a potentially dangerous situation.” RELATED VIDEO: Olympic Swimmer Dana Vollmer Shares Her Heart-Healthy Wellness Tips
The Importance of Taking Care of Your Heart
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of heart disease is preventable. “Every 80 seconds a woman dies of cardiac arrest,” says Vollmer. “We can help change that by making healthy lifestyle choices and knowing your AHA-recommended numbers.” To maintain heart health and reduce the risk of heart disease, the AHA recommends screening your blood pressure, HDL (“good”) cholesterol, LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), and blood sugar level. Having high blood pressure greatly increases your risk of having a heart attack or stroke. If your blood pressure is less than 120/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), the AHA recommends getting it checked once every two years. If your blood pressure is higher, you should meet with your doctor more frequently. A study published in November 2015 in the Annals of Internal Medicine suggests that adults 40 and older who have high blood pressure should get checked annually. The AHA also recommends testing your fasting lipoprotein profile, or cholesterol, every four to six years starting at age 20. A blood test measures HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. High cholesterol is defined as 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or higher and can lead to atherosclerosis, a hardening of the arteries caused by an accumulation of fatty deposits in your blood vessels. High cholesterol is often the result of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as consuming foods high in saturated fats. Because high cholesterol has no symptoms, the Mayo Clinic recommends getting it checked with a blood test every five years. It’s also important to maintain a healthy BMI. A high or low amount of body fat can result in a number of weight-related diseases and increase your risk for developing heart disease. BMI is a way to measure how much fat you have in your body and is calculated by dividing your height in feet by your weight in pounds. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a BMI less than 18.5 on the index is considered too low, 25.0 or higher is considered too high. A BMI above 30.0 places you in the obese category and increases your risk for a range of health problems, including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. A study published in October 2017 in Circulation found that even a modest weight reduction of 5 to 10 percent can decrease blood pressure, reduce total blood cholesterol, and improve glucose tolerance.
The Risk of Arrhythmia in Athletes
An arrhythmia diagnosis like Dana Vollmer’s is not uncommon for athletes. “Many competitive athletes have arrhythmias as a result of electrical and systemic neurochemical changes that occur as a result of training," says Martin O’Riordan, MD, a cardiologist at Mercy Cardiology in Pennsylvania. “These arrhythmias are usually benign and resolve when the athlete deconditions — a gradual reduction in training — and most athletes don’t need to stop exercise due to benign arrhythmias.” Arrhythmias are more common in older adults over the age of 65 than in athletes; however, there are a few exceptions that could have fatal consequences. “Sudden death in athletes is usually due to an unrecognized heart condition, which results in a malignant, genetic arrhythmia, such as long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, etc.,” says Dr. O’Riordan. In the United States, more than 350,000 deaths occur as a result of sudden cardiac arrest each year. Importantly, youth athletes need to be just as cautious as adults. Athletes with a family history of sudden death and a personal history of fainting, seizures, or consistent or unusual chest pain or shortness of breath during exercise are recommended to undergo screening and examine the status of their heart health. Through her collection of Olympic medals and world records, Vollmer has shown that your dreams don’t have to be compromised due to an illness, yet she emphasizes that heart health is a top priority. “Listen to your doctor, work with your family, and think outside of the box to try to come up with something that allows you to pursue your dreams,” advises Vollmer. “It’s also important to understand that different life circumstances and diagnoses may alter your path, but you may end up loving that dream that much more.” RELATED: What Do Olympic Athletes Really Eat, and Are Their Diets Healthy?
How to Optimize Your Heart Health
In addition to getting your AHA numbers checked, making healthy lifestyle choices can prevent heart disease and keep your heart healthy. “Heart disease is mainly due to our lifestyle and physical inactivity that leads to the development of atherosclerosis,” says O’Riordan. Eating nutrient-dense foods instead of foods high in sugar, simple carbohydrates, or saturated and trans fats can help keep heart disease risk factors at bay. According to Suzanne Steinbaum, MD, a cardiologist and the director of women’s heart health at Northwell Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, healthy levels to aim for “include a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg, total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dL, and body mass index in the healthy range.” A nutrient-rich diet includes a variety of these foods:
Fruits and vegetablesWhole grainsLow-fat dairy productsSkinless poultry and fishNutsLegumesNontropical vegetable oils, such as canola, olive, and sunflower
MyPlate is a Department of Agriculture digital tool that helps you see which food options are nutrient dense, how large your portions of these foods should be, which foods to avoid, and other resources like how to read nutrition labels. In addition to eating healthy foods, exercise is important for reducing your risk of developing heart disease. The CDC recommends 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise per week. “Diet and exercise are critical components that keep the risk of heart disease in check,” says Dr. Steinbaum. “Working on these factors can prevent heart disease 80 percent of the time.” RELATED: New Year, New You: Sample Diet for a Healthy Heart
