The best way to avoid contracting hepatitis A is to get two doses of the hepatitis A vaccine, which can make you immune to the virus.
Postexposure Protection
If you aren’t immune to hepatitis A virus, or HAV, and you contract it, the hepatitis A vaccine can still be helpful and provide postexposure protection. That is, the vaccine can help prevent a full-blown hepatitis A infection if it’s taken within two weeks of exposure to HAV. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that healthy people between one and 40 years of age get the hepatitis A vaccine (at the age-appropriate dose) for postexposure protection. People over 40 years old should instead receive a dose of immune globulin (IG) antibodies to protect against hepatitis A infection. It’s unknown how well the vaccine works in this age group, but it can be used in place of IG if the antibodies aren’t available, the CDC notes. Additionally, IG should be used in place of the vaccine for postexposure protection in people who are:
Younger than one year oldAllergic to the vaccine or its componentsHave a severely weakened immune systemHave chronic liver disease
Hepatitis A Medications
If you have a hepatitis A infection, your body will clear the infection on its own, typically within six months. There are no specific medications or treatments to help cure an infection, though some prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medications may be used for symptomatic relief. Mild pain relievers, such as ibuprofen (Advil), may help relieve abdominal pain. However, these medications should be used sparingly to protect your liver. Alcohol and medications that may damage the liver, including acetaminophen (Tylenol) and aspirin, should be avoided. If you’re suffering from pruritus (itchy skin), antihistamines may help. And antiemetic drugs, such as the prescription medication metoclopramide (Reglan), may help ease nausea and vomiting. Discuss all of the medications you plan to take with your doctor.
At-Home Therapies
If you have hepatitis A, doctors recommend plenty of rest, proper nutrition, and adequate fluid intake. During periods where your symptoms are severe, avoid strenuous activities, including work or school, if possible. If you’re experiencing pruritus, try wearing loose clothing, staying in cool and ventilated environments, and avoiding hot baths or showers. To cope with nausea, avoid eating fatty foods, which can worsen this symptom. It may also be helpful to eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. Nausea and vomiting often go hand-in-hand. If you’re vomiting (or have diarrhea), it’s important to keep your fluid and electrolyte levels up to avoid dehydration, which can cause other problems.
